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Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (, ; 2 May 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and politician, who served as the second Minister-Chairman of the Russian Provisional Government in July–November 1917. A leader of the moderate-socialist Trudoviks faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Kerensky is a key figure of the Russian Revolution. After the February Revolution that deposed Tsar Nicholas II, Kerensky served as Minister of Justice in Georgy Lvov's post-imperial and democratic Provisional Government. In May he became Minister of War. In July he succeeded Lvov as Minister-Chairman. On 7 November, his government was overthrown by the Vladimir Lenin-led Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. He spent the remainder of his life in exile, dying in New York City at the age of 89. ==Early life and activism== Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 2 May 1881.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kerenski.htm )〕 His father, Fyodor Kerensky, was a teacher,〔 and director of the local gymnasium. His mother, Nadezhda (née Adler), was born to a Russian German, Alexander Adler, who was head of the Topographical Bureau of the Kazan Military District, and Nadezhda (née Kalmykova), a daughter of a former serf who had bought his freedom before serfdom was abolished in 1861, allowing him to become a wealthy Moscow merchant.〔(Encyclopedia of Cyril and Method )〕 Later rumours emerged about Alexander Kerensky having Jewish roots, but these seem to be untrue. Kerensky's father was the teacher of Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin); members of the Kerensky and Ulyanov families were friends. In 1889, when Kerensky was eight, the family moved to Tashkent, where his father had been appointed the main inspector of public schools (superintendent). Alexander graduated with honours in 1899. The same year he entered St. Petersburg University, where he studied history and philology. The next year he switched to law and received a degree in 1904. In the same year he married Olga Lvovna Baranovskaya, the daughter of a Russian general.〔(A Doomed Democracy ) Bernard Butcher, Stanford Magazine, January/February 2001〕 Kerensky joined the Narodnik movement and worked as a legal counsel to victims of Revolution of 1905. At the end of year he was jailed on suspicion of belonging to a militant group. Afterwards he gained a reputation for his work as a defence lawyer in a number of political trials of revolutionaries.〔Political Figures of Russia, 1917, Biographical Dictionary, Large Russian Encyclopedia, 1993, p. 143.〕 In 1912 Kerensky became widely known when he visited the goldfields at the Lena River and published material about the Lena Minefields incident.〔The Lena Goldfields Massacre and the Crisis of the Late Tsarist State by Michael Melancon ()〕 In the same year Kerensky was elected to the Fourth Duma as a member of the Trudoviks, a moderate, non-Marxist labour party who were associated with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party and joined a freemason society uniting the anti-monarchy forces that strived for the democratic renewal of Russia.〔(Tatyana MironovaGrigori Rasputin: Belied Life – Belied Death )〕 He was a brilliant orator and skilled parliamentary leader of the socialist opposition to the government of Tsar Nicholas II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Kerensky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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